The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a quasi-judicial body that was established in 2010 by the Government of India through the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The NGT has been vested with the power to hear and decide cases related to environmental protection, including air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and hazardous waste disposal. The NGT can also take suo-motu action against polluters.

The NGT has the following powers and functions:

• Hear and decide cases relating to environmental protection. The NGT has the jurisdiction to hear and decide all cases relating to environmental protection, including air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and hazardous waste disposal. The NGT can also hear cases related to the protection of forests, wildlife, and marine resources.
• Issue directions, orders, and decrees to prevent, control, and abate environmental pollution. The NGT can issue directions, orders, and decrees to prevent, control, and abate environmental pollution. The NGT can also impose fines and penalties on polluters.
• Recommend to the Central Government the closure, suspension, or relocation of polluting industries. The NGT can recommend to the Central Government the closure, suspension, or relocation of polluting industries. The NGT can also recommend to the Central Government the imposition of environmental compensation on polluters.
• Take suo motu action against polluters. The NGT can take suo motu action against polluters. This means that the NGT can take action on its own initiative, without waiting for a complaint to be filed.
• Promote public awareness of environmental issues. The NGT can hold public hearings on environmental cases and issue advisories to the public on environmental matters. The NGT can also organize workshops and seminars on environmental issues.
• Encourage the development of environmental law and policy. The NGT can issue rulings that help to shape environmental law and policy in India. The NGT can also recommend to the Central Government changes to environmental laws and policies.
• Provide a forum for mediation and negotiation between polluters and affected parties. The NGT can help to mediate and negotiate cases between polluters and affected parties. This can help to resolve environmental disputes without the need for litigation.

The NGT is a valuable asset to India’s environmental protection regime. It has helped to improve the environmental situation in India and has promoted sustainable development. The NGT is a model for other countries that are looking to establish environmental courts or tribunals.

In addition to the powers and functions mentioned above, the NGT has also helped to:

• Strengthen the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. The NGT has issued a number of directions to government agencies to strengthen the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. This has helped to reduce pollution levels in India.
• Provide a more accessible forum for environmental justice. The NGT is a more accessible forum for environmental justice than the regular courts. This is because the NGT has simplified procedures and reduced the time it takes to hear and decide cases.
• Promote public participation in environmental decision-making. The NGT has encouraged public participation in environmental decision-making. This has helped to ensure that the views of the public are taken into account when environmental policies are being made.

The National Green Tribunal is a vital institution for protection of the environmental legal framework in India. It has helped to improve the environmental situation in India and has promoted sustainable development. The NGT is a model for other countries that are looking to establish environmental courts or tribunals.

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NGT Official website: https://www.greentribunal.gov.in/